Dear CCI Friends,

Former US Ambassador to the Soviet Union Jack Matlock is a terrific resource on the history of US-Russia relations as they have progressed – or regressed – since 1991.  His intimate knowledge of the causes and consequences of the dissolution of the Soviet Union contrasts sharply with the popular view promoted here – that “We Won! They Lost! We Rule!”  Reality is subtler, more complicated and more interesting.  

The article below gives us Ambassador Matlock’s bird’s eye view of the negotiations that brought the USSR to an end as well as his astute speculation on how misreading – or deliberately mischaracterizing – that process for the past thirty years has brought us to the brink of nuclear war.  

I hope you appreciate it as I did – please let us know.

Sincerely,

Paula Day, Director
Center for Citizen Initiatives

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“The Christmas Gift That Keeps on Giving”

February, 2024

By Jack F. Matlock, Jr.

On December 24, 1989, Soviet Deputy Foreign Minister Ivan Aboimov informed me on behalf of the Soviet government, ‘We have given the Brezhnev Doctrine to you with our compliments. Consider it a Christmas gift.”

Now, some thirty-four years later, I should explain what the Brezhnev Doctrine was, the circumstances under which the gift was conveyed, and why I believe that it was a gift that has infused US foreign policy to this very day.

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* Please note: ‘1979’ in the last sentence should be ‘1989.’ Correction by Ambassador Matlock.

Dear CCI Friends,

The brief article below provides a glimpse of hope that life may return to more rational approaches.  The Slovakian Minister of Culture sums it up:

“There are dozens of military conflicts going on in the world, and, in our opinion, artists and culture must not suffer because of them.”

As always, we look forward to your thoughts.

Pamela, Paula and Krishen Center for Citizen Initiatives

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Signs of Light?

January 20, 2024

BRATISLAVA, January 20. /TASS/. Minister of Culture of Slovakia Martina Simkovicova cancelled the decree that suspended cultural cooperation with Russia and Belarus after February 24, 2022, Slovakia’s Pravda newspaper reported.

“There are dozens of military conflicts going on in the world, and, in our opinion, artists and culture must not suffer because of them,” the Minister said, according to her spokesman Pavol Corba.

In March of 2022, the Ministry of Culture of Slovakia banned contacts and cooperation with Russia and Belarus. Its former head, Natalia Milanova, representative of one of the liberal parties that lost power in the republic after the recent elections, justified it by the condemnation of the special military operation in Ukraine.

The incumbent Minister, who represents the Slovak National Party, cancelled her predecessor’s decree on January 12. According to the newspaper, it has lost effect since January 15.

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Dear CCI Friends and Colleagues,

In the following interview, Dmitry Polyanskiy, First Deputy, Permanent Representative of the Russian Federation to the United Nations, articulates Russia’s perspective on the relationship between itself and the West, particularly the United States.  

We understand that our CCI Community spans many perspectives and as always, we welcome your thoughts and insights.  

Best regards,

Paula, Pamela and Krishen  
Center for Citizen Initiatives

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Diplomacy and the UN

December 31, 2023

Video Interview: Russian Diplomacy at the UN – Dmitry Polyanskiy, Alexander Mercouris & Glenn Diesen

Dear CCI Friends and Colleagues,

One must marvel at the level of wild, threatening language being tossed around these days; is it childishly irresponsible or deadly serious – or both?

Recently, Americans were shaken to learn that one of our top generals sees American troops on the ground in Europe fighting Russians if Congress fails to send more money to Ukraine. Would anyone seriously contemplate such a thing? Apparently so.

Stephen Bryen analyses the threat and the underlying assumption – that Russia must be stopped before it overtakes Europe. It is a compelling piece based on a sober, and sane, assessment of what is really happening ‘over there,’ and it is not what either General Austin or the Biden administration seem to believe. A link to Mr. Bryen’s biography and professional experience is included so that you can make your own determination on the plausibility of his perspective.

We are also providing a link to Edward Lozansky’s recent piece in New Kontinent. Mr. Lozansky, President and Founder of the American University in Moscow, brings his own unique perspective on the crisis, not just in Ukraine but in the whole of Western civilization, evidenced by these wildly irrational threats.

I hope you will consider these arguments carefully and let us know your thoughts on the matter.

And thank you for joining us in the ongoing attempt to make sense of our world!

Paula Day
Center for Citizen Initiatives

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General Austin Threatens Congress – General Milley Threatens Russians

December 6, 2023

By Stephen Byren

Lloyd Austin, the US Defense Secretary, threatened Congress over aid for Ukraine. Austin said that if Congress does not appropriate $61 billion in aid for Ukraine it is “very likely” US troops on the ground in Europe will be fighting Russia.

Republican Senators walked out of the briefing after twenty minutes.

What is behind this threat is the notion that Russia, after it finishes with Ukraine, will launch attacks in Europe. 

Objectively there is no evidence that Russia threatens anyone in Europe even though a lot of Russians think they should.  After all, Europe is providing massive military aid, intelligence and technical help to Ukraine in the war with Russia, along with training Ukrainian troops and helping Ukraine develop its war plans.   Stocks of European weapons, meant for NATO defense, have been shipped to Kiev.  Most of them won’t be replaced for decades, if ever.

From Russia’s point of view the real land grabber is NATO.  After all, despite Russia’s warnings and promises made to Russia that were blatantly violated, NATO expanded in the Balkans and in Eastern Europe. (The Russians were frequently assured, starting with former President Bill Clinton, that NATO would not expand.)

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Stephen Bryen, Senior Fellow – Yorktown Institute (Bio)

War in Ukraine as an indicator of the gravest crisis of Western civilization – New Kontinent

Dear CCI Friends and Colleagues,

Jack Matlock was one of America’s last ambassadors to the Soviet Union. He was also an interlocutor between President Reagan and President Gorbachev during the arms control negotiations of the 1980’s, and he was present as the Cold War ended and the USSR was disbanded.

Ambassador Matlock has been a friend and supporter of CCI for many years and in 2021 he had planned to travel with us as co-host for that year’s citizen-to-citizen delegation, a trip that was cancelled due to covid restrictions.

Recently Ambassador Matlock was reviewing his papers and discovered a speech he gave on July 4, 1982, while he was US Ambassador to Czechoslovakia. In reading the speech now, and reflecting on it in the attached note, he compares the ideals he spoke of in his speech in Prague forty-one years ago to the reality of America today.

We hope you will take the time to consider his reflections and let us know your thoughts on his question, “What Has Happened to America?”

The Directors
Center for Citizen Initiatives

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“What Has Happened to America?”

December 2, 2023

By Jack F. Matlock, Jr.Rummaging through my accumulated papers, I just came across the English translation of a speech I delivered in Czech on July 4, 1982, when I was American ambassador in Prague. At that time Czechoslovakia was ruled by a Communist regime imposed by the Soviet Union.

As I perused it, I realized to my dismay that today I could not honestly make many of the statements in this message.

Here are some of the key paragraphs and my reflections as I read them today:

I am pleased to send greetings to the people of Czechoslovakia on this 206th anniversary of my country's independence. It is a day when we Americans celebrate the foundation of our nation as an independent, democratic republic, and a day on which we dedicate ourselves anew to implementing the ideals of our founding fathers. For us, the bedrock of these ideals is the proposition that states and governments are created by the people to serve the people and that citizens must control the government rather than being controlled by it. Furthermore, we believe that there are areas of human life such as expression of opinion, the practice and teaching of religious beliefs, and the right of citizens to leave our country and return as they wish, which no government has the right to restrict.

Can we really say that our citizens “control the government” today? Twice in this century we have installed presidents who received fewer popular votes than their opponents did. The Supreme Court has nullified rights supported by a decisive majority of our citizens. It takes far more votes to elect a senator in a populous state than it does in one with fewer citizens so the U.S. Senate can be controlled by a minority of the country’s voters. Corporations and individuals are virtually unlimited in the amount they can spend to promote or vilify candidates and to lobby Congress for favorable tax and regulatory treatment. The Supreme Court has, in effect, ruled that corporations are citizens too! Is this not more akin to oligarchy than to democracy?

We are a nation formed of people from all corners of the world,
and we have been nurtured by all the world’s cultures. What unites us is
the ideal of creating a free and prosperous society. Through our history
we have faced many challenges but we have been able to surmount them
through a process of open discussion, accommodation of competing
interests, and ultimately by preserving the absolute right of our citizens
to select their leaders and determine the policies which affect their lives.

Since when have we seen an open discussion and accommodation of competing interests in the work of the U.S. Congress? When in this century has there been a debate on foreign policy? Why has Congress repeatedly authorized violence normally legal only during a state of war without voting a declaration of war as the Constitution requires?

Our society is not a perfect one and we know very well that we
have sometimes failed to live up to our ideals. For we understand the
truth which Goethe expressed so eloquently when he wrote, “Es irrt der
Mensch, so long er strebt” (Man errs so long as he strives.) Therefore,
while we hold fast to our ideals as goals and guides of action, we are
convinced that no individual and no group possesses a monopoly of
wisdom and that our society can be successful only if all have the right
freely to express opinions, make suggestions and organize groups to
promote their views.

Unless you are a Member of Congress who speaks out in defense of the rights of Palestinians to live in freedom in their ancestral lands, or students at Columbia University who wish to do the same.

As we Americans celebrate our nation’s birthday and rededicate ourselves to its ideals, we do so without the presumption that our political and economic system– however well it has served us–is something to be imposed upon others. Indeed, just as we preserve diversity at home, we wish to preserve it in the world at large. Just as every human being is unique, so is every culture and every society, and all should have the right to control their destinies, in their own ways and without compulsion from the outside. This is one of the principal goals of our foreign policy: to work for a world in which human diversity is not only tolerated but protected, a world in which negotiation and accommodation replace force as the means of settling disputes.

Unless you live in Afghanistan, or Iraq, or Syria, or Palestine…or, for that matter, in Iran, Cuba, or Venezuela.

We are still a long way from that world we seek, but we must not
despair, for we believe that people throughout the world yearn basically
for the same things Americans do: peace, freedom, security, and the
opportunity to influence their own lives. And while we do not seek to
impose our political system on others, we cannot conceal our profound
admiration for those brave people in other countries who are seeking
only what Americans take as their birthright.

Unless they live in Gaza or the Palestinian West Bank.

While this is a day of national rejoicing, there is no issue on our
minds more important than the question of preserving world peace. We
are thankful that we are living at peace with the world and that not a
single American soldier is engaged in fighting anywhere in the world.
Still, we are concerned with the high levels of armaments and the
tendency of some countries to use them instead of settling disputes
peacefully. We share the concern of all thinking people with the
destructive potential of nuclear weapons in particular.

At that time the Soviet Union had invaded Afghanistan and the U.S. was demanding their withdrawal. Subsequently they did withdraw in accord with an agreement the U.S, negotiated. But then, after 9/11, the U.S. invaded and stayed for 20 years without being able to create a democratic society. A subsequent invasion of Iraq, on spurious grounds, removed the Iraqi government and gave impetus to ISIS. Then, the U.S., without a declaration of war, invaded Syria and tried unsuccessfully to overthrow its government (which we recognized) and also to combat ISIS, which had been created as a result of the U.S. invasion of Iraq.

American soldiers are now stationed in more than 80 countries. We spend more on arms than all other budgets for discretionary spending, and now the Biden administration is making all but formal war against Russia, a peer nuclear power.

It is for this reason that President Reagan has proposed large
reductions of nuclear weapons. … We have also made numerous other
proposals which we believe would increase mutual confidence and
reduce the danger of conflict. All aim for verifiable equality and balance
on both sides. That way, the alliance systems facing each other would
need not fear an attack from the other. …

Yes, and by 1991 we negotiated massive reductions in nuclear weapons, banned biological and chemical weapons and limited conventional weapons in Europe. The Cold War ended by agreement, not the victory of one side over the other. But, beginning with the second Bush administration, the U.S. unilaterally withdrew from every important arms control treaty and embarked on a trillion dollar “modernization” of the American nuclear arsenal. Meanwhile, although there was no Warsaw Pact after 1990, the U.S. expanded NATO and refused to negotiate an agreement that would have guaranteed Russia’s security.

The task ahead for all the peoples of the world to establish and
preserve peace is not an easy one, The issues are complex and they
cannot be solved by simplistic slogans, but only by sustained effort.

Nevertheless, from the late 1990s the U.S. seemed motivated by a false and simplistic doctrine that the world was destined to become like the U.S. and the U.S. was justified in using its economic and military power to transform the rest of the world to conform with its image of itself (the Neocon thesis). It was, in effect, an adaptation of the failed “Brezhnev doctrine” pursued by the USSR until abandoned by Gorbachev. As with the Brezhnev doctrine, the attempt has been an utter fiasco, but the Biden administration seems, oblivious to the dangers to the American people, determined to pursue it.

Nevertheless, I speak to you today with optimism, since I know
that my country enters the 207th year of its independence with the
determination not only to preserve the liberties we have one at home but
to devote our energies and resources to maintaining peace in the world.

But, today, during the 248 th year of American independence:

The US is sending 100 “super-bombs” for dropping on Gaza. The BLU-109 “bunker busters”, each weighing 2,000 pounds, penetrate basement concrete shelters where people are hiding, the Wall Street Journal reported  Dec. 1.

America has sent 15,000 bombs and 57,000 artillery shells to Israel since October 7, the paper said. Details of the size and number of weapons sent have not been previously reported.

Also on the list are more than 5,000 Mk82 unguided or “dumb” bombs, more than 5,400 Mk84 2,000-pound warhead bombs, around 1,000 GBU-39 small diameter bombs, and approximately 3,000 JDAMs, the Journal said.

The news dramatically contradicts statements of Foreign Secretary Antony Blinken that avoiding civilian casualties is a prime concern for the United States.

The US also provided the bomb that was dropped on the Jabalia refugee camp, killing 100 people, possibly including a Hamas leader, the Journal said.

Repeated calls by the countries of the world, through the United Nations, for a ceasefire have not been supported by the U.S. and its follower nations.

Military spending makes up a dominant share of discretionary spending in the U.S., and military personnel make up the majority of government manpower.

The weapons are being airlifted on C-17 military cargo planes directly from the U.S. to Tel Aviv.

OH, LORD, WHAT HAS HAPPENED TO US?

Chicago, Illinois
December 2, 2023